The paper by Damir Esenaliev analyses if small farms in Kyrgyzstan improve their welfare by selling their products to export markets. It finds no evidence that selling for export makes farmers better off in terms of their household income or consumption. A lack of welfare effects is likely related to the functioning of export value […]
Employment vulnerability is considered as working under inadequate conditions. The paper authored by Krymshakov et al., examines the impact of employment vulnerability on earnings with reference to gender-based differences. Analyses were based on the LiK data for 2010–2013 and 2016 indicate negative impact of employment vulnerability on earnings. Women experienced this negative effect more severely. […]